A Lorawan Gateway is a box that connects wireless Lorawan devices such as sensors to the Internet via a local network. Lora gateways is a radio module that serves as a communication device between a Lora network terminal and a Lorawan network server (LNS). The gateway is the starting point for devices in the network that can transmit their data to the gateway. IoT devices use the gateway as a central hub to store perceived knowledge and connect it to an external network. A Lora Gateway connects the Lorawan network server to a high-bandwidth network, such as WiFi, Ethernet or cellular, to ensure end-to-end connectivity between Lora terminus and application servers.
There are countless steps required to build a Lora gateway from scratch, from registering with the Things Network to observing uplink data from a simple Lora node, but it is a critical step in integrating IoT technologies into the embedded devices and applications that drive our world.
A Lorraine network includes the use of different communication channels for the configuration and monitoring of gateways and devices. Lora Network (Lorawan) consists of nodes, gateways and operators of the Lora Long Range Network at its core. A typical Lorawan network is a single-hop star topology consisting of devices that transmit data to and from gateways.
When a Lorawan gateway receives a LORA – modulated RF message, terminal devices can remotely hear the message from Lorawan network servers (LNs) connected to the IP backbone.
Due to the one-to-one relationship between the LORA-based devices and gateways in the Lorawan network, messages sent to each terminal device travel within the gateway area. Based on the RSSI level of identical messages, the network server chooses the gateway that receives the message with the best RSSI and transmits the downlink message, and this is the closest to the device in question.
Lora gateways can be used in environments where other types of networks are not viable due to technical limitations to establish network implementations relevant to electrical devices. In Lora (Lora) network gateways act as a transparent bridge, passing messages from a terminal device to a central network server (backend). In an ideal public or country-wide deployment, gateways are connected via a standard IP connection to the network server and controlled by private rollouts where security controls are essential.
Terminal devices transmit their data to one or more gateways and the gateways forward the message to a network server. When a gateway reaches a device and receives the device message, it can do things on the network. Devices send their signal (RF packet), which is picked up by a gateway within range, and a strong device gateway connection relays the message to the cloud.
The Lorawan enables terminal devices such as sensors and actuators to connect via radio gateways to the Lorawan network by Lora RF modulation. The number of terminals that a single Lora gateway can support depends on several factors. This paper focuses on the specification of the Lorawan protocol to determine the maximum number of Lora nodes that can communicate with a gateway.
According to the Lorawan specification defined by the LORA Alliance, the gateway module transmits data to a class of nodes in the receiving shaft initiated by the node class to which the alliance sends the packet. The data rate between the end node and the end device (LORA gateway) is low, which is a necessary sacrifice to ensure long battery life and a long wireless range.
The data volume transmitted by each sensor and the load and the transmission interval for each terminal device is used to determine the total transmission time that a single LORA gateway can process.
We assumed that, if successfully set up, the gateway would register as the Things Network (TTN) and forward packets to all known local nodes and devices on the network, as well as TTN applications.
